For some parents, testing for birth defects begins even BEFORE they are pregnant! Known as genetic testing, or carrier screening, pre-pregnancy testing involves taking blood samples from both prospective parents. The samples are then screened for abnormal genes, which could potentially lead to a genetic birth defect, like cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia. If gene abnormalities ARE detected, the parents may meet with a genetic counselor to discuss their options, which range from finding out AFTER their babys birth if there is a problem, using In Vitro Fertilization, or IVF, to ensure that the egg and sperm are free of the potential genetic anomaly, to getting pregnant using a donor sperm or egg.