The Effects of Metformin on Functional Capacity in Individuals With Peripheral Artery Disease-Related Intermittent Claudication and Abnormal Glucose Metabolism | RxWiki

The Effects of Metformin on Functional Capacity in Individuals With Peripheral Artery Disease-Related Intermittent Claudication and Abnormal Glucose Metabolism

Overview[ - collapse ][ - ]

Purpose	The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of metformin on functional capacity (pain-free and maximum walking times) in individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD)-related intermittent claudication and abnormal glucose metabolism.
Condition	Peripheral Arterial Disease Intermittent Claudication Glucose Metabolism Disorders
Intervention	Drug: Metformin Drug: Placebo
Phase	Phase 4
Sponsor	Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute
Responsible Party	Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier	NCT01799057
First Received	February 22, 2013
Last Updated	November 3, 2013
Last verified	November 2013

Tracking Information[ + expand ][ + ]

First Received Date	February 22, 2013
Last Updated Date	November 3, 2013
Start Date	July 2013
Estimated Primary Completion Date	June 2016
Current Primary Outcome Measures	Change in pain-free walking time [Time Frame: Measured at baseline and following 16-18 weeks treatment] [Designated as safety issue: No]Pain-free walking time (time to onset of claudication) will be measured during a graded treadmill exercise test. Change in maximum walking time [Time Frame: Measured at baseline and following 16-18 weeks treatment] [Designated as safety issue: No]Maximum walking time will be measured during a graded treadmill exercise test.
Current Secondary Outcome Measures	Change in questionnaire-based markers of quality of life / perceived functional capacity [Time Frame: Measured at baseline and following 16-18 weeks treatment] [Designated as safety issue: No] Change in endothelial function [Time Frame: Measured at baseline and following 16-18 weeks treatment] [Designated as safety issue: No] Change in skeletal muscle blood flow response to insulin [Time Frame: Measured at baseline and following 16-18 weeks treatment] [Designated as safety issue: No] Change in skeletal muscle blood flow response to acute exercise [Time Frame: Measured at baseline and following 16-18 weeks treatment] [Designated as safety issue: No] Change in insulin sensitivity [Time Frame: Measured at baseline and following 16-18 weeks treatment] [Designated as safety issue: No] Change in objectively measured physical activity / sedentary behaviour in the daily life setting. [Time Frame: Measured at baseline and following 16-18 weeks treatment] [Designated as safety issue: No]

Descriptive Information[ + expand ][ + ]

Brief Title	The Effects of Metformin on Functional Capacity in Individuals With Peripheral Artery Disease-Related Intermittent Claudication and Abnormal Glucose Metabolism
Official Title	Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study of Metformin for the Assessment of Changes in Functional Capacity, Endothelial Function, and Hemodynamics in Individuals With Peripheral Artery Disease-Related Intermittent Claudication and Abnormal Glucose Metabolism
Brief Summary	The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of metformin on functional capacity (pain-free and maximum walking times) in individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD)-related intermittent claudication and abnormal glucose metabolism.
Detailed Description	Background and Rationale: Metformin has demonstrable efficacy in slowing or reversing the progression of various insulin-resistant disease states - most notably type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes. In seeking to establish proof-of-concept that insulin resistance is a suitable pathophysiological target in the treatment of PAD-related intermittent claudication (pain in the leg muscles during walking, which resolves on exercise cessation), this study will determine whether the known insulin-sensitizing effects of metformin translate to alleviation of the functional limitations imposed by claudication. Since type 2 diabetic individuals with PAD often rely on metformin as part of standard risk factor management (glycemic control), the current study will enrol only those with pre-diabetes or non-pharmacologically treated, well-controlled type 2 diabetes. In view of the prevalence of disorders of glucose metabolism in PAD (approximately two-thirds of unselected individuals), this mechanistic study should have far-reaching clinical implications. Study Design: A total of 80 individuals with PAD-related intermittent claudication and abnormal glucose metabolism will be randomised (1:1) to either metformin or matching placebo for 16-18 weeks (double-blind, parallel group design). The maximum daily dose of metformin will be 2000mg (up-titrated from half this dose at 2 weeks if tolerated). Primary Hypothesis: Improvement in functional capacity follows metformin therapy in individuals with PAD-related intermittent claudication and abnormal glucose metabolism. Change in functional capacity will be assessed by the co-primary endpoints of pain-free and maximum walking times during a standard graded treadmill exercise test. Secondary Aims: Exercise testing for functional performance will be complemented by assessments of perceived physical functioning / quality of life in the daily life setting (using standard questionnaires). As previous studies have indicated cardiovascular effects of metformin incremental to blood glucose-lowering, this study will also investigate potential mechanisms of efficacy relating to the primary endpoints, including changes in endothelial function, blood flow responses to various stimuli (including insulin and acute exercise), insulin sensitivity, and physical activity / sedentary behaviours. Changes in relevant clinical data (including ankle-brachial index and limb hemodynamics by duplex scanning) will also be determined. Outcomes and Significance: The unmet clinical need of efficacious medical therapies for intermittent claudication is a growing problem given the increasing prevalence of PAD worldwide. If positive, this study will identify a new potential treatment that is already widely available. The study will also inform on novel mechanistic targets with relevance to existing and future therapeutic strategies.
Study Type	Interventional
Study Phase	Phase 4
Study Design	Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Treatment
Condition	Peripheral Arterial Disease Intermittent Claudication Glucose Metabolism Disorders
Intervention	Drug: Metformin Participants randomized to metformin will be treated at a maximum dose of 2000mg per day (i.e. 1000mg twice daily for 16-18 weeks; up-titrated from 500mg twice daily for the first 2 weeks). Participants may complete the 16-18 week treatment intervention at the lower dose of 500mg twice daily if limited by side effects. Other Names: DiaforminDrug: Placebo Participants randomized to placebo will take matching oral capsules according to the same dose schedule specified for the metformin intervention.
Study Arm (s)	Experimental: Metformin Metformin at a maximum dose of 1000mg twice daily for 16-18 weeks (i.e. maximum of 2000mg per day). Placebo Comparator: Placebo Matching placebo twice daily for 16-18 weeks.

Recruitment Information[ + expand ][ + ]

Recruitment Status	Recruiting
Estimated Enrollment	80
Estimated Completion Date	June 2016
Estimated Primary Completion Date	June 2016
Eligibility Criteria	Inclusion Criteria: - Age ≥40 years old. - Ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤0.90 in at least one leg. - Peripheral artery stenosis/occlusion documented by duplex ultrasonography. - Stable (i.e. 6-month history) intermittent claudication in at least one PAD-affected leg. - Maximum walking time during graded treadmill exercise testing (Gardner-Skinner protocol) ≥1 minute and ≤12 minutes. - Pre-diabetes (defined as any of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or elevated glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c; that is, in the range 5.7-6.4%]) or non-pharmacologically treated, well-controlled (HbA1c <7.5%) type 2 diabetes. - Concurrent medications that may affect primary, secondary or exploratory endpoints have remained stable over the previous 6 months. - Have given signed informed consent to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: - Identification of any other medical condition requiring immediate therapeutic intervention. - Clinically significant abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG), at rest or during exercise. - Cardiac disease with symptoms at rest or inducible with exercise. - Myocardial infarction, unstable angina, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), or other major surgery within the previous 6 months. - Exercise capacity limited by a factor other than PAD-related intermittent claudication. - Any condition that precludes valid completion of a treadmill exercise test. - Critical limb ischemia in either leg, defined as PAD-related chronic ischemic rest pain or skin lesions (ulcers, gangrene). - Previous peripheral revascularisation or other surgical treatment for PAD in the previous 6 months. - Known non-atherosclerotic cause of PAD. - History of malignancy within past 5 years (except for non-melanoma skin cancers). - Uncontrolled hypertension (resting brachial blood pressure ≥160/100 mmHg). - Evidence of pharmacologically-treated or poorly controlled (i.e. HbA1c ≥7.5%) type 2 diabetes or other class of diabetes (e.g. type 1 diabetes). - Known intolerance or contraindication(s) to metformin. - Contraindication(s) to "Definity" (perflutren lipid microsphere). - Participation or intention to participate in a structured and/or supervised physical activity program during the study period. - Participation or intention to participate in another clinical research study during the study period. - History of non-compliance to medical regimens or unwillingness to comply with the study protocol. - Any other condition that in the opinion of the Investigators would confound the evaluation and interpretation of the data. - Persons directly involved in the execution of the protocol. - Incapable of providing written informed consent due to cognitive, language, or other reasons.
Gender	Both
Ages	40 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers	No
Contacts	Contact: Julian W Sacre, PhD +61 3 8532 1870 julian.sacre@bakeridi.edu.au
Location Countries	Australia

Administrative Information[ + expand ][ + ]

NCT Number	NCT01799057
Other Study ID Numbers	493/12
Has Data Monitoring Committee	No
Information Provided By	Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute
Study Sponsor	Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute
Collaborators	Not Provided
Investigators	Principal Investigator: Bronwyn A Kingwell, PhD Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstitutePrincipal Investigator: Stephen J Duffy, MD, PhD Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute
Verification Date	November 2013

Locations[ + expand ][ + ]

Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute	Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3004 Contact: Julian W Sacre, PhD \| +61 3 8532 1870 \| julian.sacre@bakeridi.edu.au Principal Investigator: Bronwyn A Kingwell, PhD Recruiting