Castration Compared to Castration Plus Metformin as First Line Treatment for Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer
Overview[ - collapse ][ - ]
Purpose | Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men. Patients with recurrent or metastatic prostate cancer are treated with androgen-deprivation therapy, often termed castration therapy. While the short and medium term benefits of castration are clear in relation to therapeutic efficacy in patients with prostate cancer, it is now appreciated that the resulting hypogonadism associated with castration is responsible for adverse consequences or metabolic syndrome that include increase in body mass index (BMI) and fat mass, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, reduced lean body mass (LBM) and muscle strength, osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction, poor quality of life and higher cardiovascular mortality. Lower testosterone levels in men independently predict the development of metabolic syndrome. Low testosterone levels in men are associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. Metformin is commonly prescribed for the treatment of type II diabetes because it lowers both glucose and insulin levels. Studies show preliminary evidence that metformin might have both antineoplastic and chemopreventative activity. Castration therapy decreases insulin sensitivity, adversely alters lipid profiles and results in weight gain, and it may be associated with a greater incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Little is known about the optimal strategy to mitigate the adverse metabolic effects of castration in men with prostate cancer. The rationale for using metformin in castrated men with advanced prostate cancer stems from the observation that castration therapy is associated with the metabolic syndrome, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Furthermore, reports that hyperinsulinemia stimulates insulin receptor expression on prostate cancer leading to tumor growth and development of castrate resistant prostate cancer suggest metformin through its activation of the AMPK-LKBI pathway reduces liver gluconeogenesis secondarily decreasing insulin levels may circumvent tumor growth and resistance to castration therapy. More importantly, evidence that metformin inhibits the mTOR pathway implicates an added therapeutic benefit as an anti-cancer agent. |
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Condition | Prostate Cancer |
Intervention | Drug: Placebo and Castration Drug: Metformin and Castration |
Phase | Phase 2 |
Sponsor | Devalingam Mahalingam |
Responsible Party | The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier | NCT01620593 |
First Received | May 31, 2012 |
Last Updated | September 13, 2013 |
Last verified | September 2013 |
Tracking Information[ + expand ][ + ]
First Received Date | May 31, 2012 |
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Last Updated Date | September 13, 2013 |
Start Date | April 2011 |
Estimated Primary Completion Date | May 2016 |
Current Primary Outcome Measures | Metabolic Syndrome [Time Frame: 1 year] [Designated as safety issue: Yes]Compare both cohorts of castrated men (metformin vs. placebo) with regard to metabolic consequences of castration therapy. |
Current Secondary Outcome Measures |
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Descriptive Information[ + expand ][ + ]
Brief Title | Castration Compared to Castration Plus Metformin as First Line Treatment for Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer |
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Official Title | Phase II, Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double Blind, Prospective Study of Castration Compared to Castration Plus Metformin as First Line Treatment for Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer. |
Brief Summary | Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men. Patients with recurrent or metastatic prostate cancer are treated with androgen-deprivation therapy, often termed castration therapy. While the short and medium term benefits of castration are clear in relation to therapeutic efficacy in patients with prostate cancer, it is now appreciated that the resulting hypogonadism associated with castration is responsible for adverse consequences or metabolic syndrome that include increase in body mass index (BMI) and fat mass, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, reduced lean body mass (LBM) and muscle strength, osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction, poor quality of life and higher cardiovascular mortality. Lower testosterone levels in men independently predict the development of metabolic syndrome. Low testosterone levels in men are associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. Metformin is commonly prescribed for the treatment of type II diabetes because it lowers both glucose and insulin levels. Studies show preliminary evidence that metformin might have both antineoplastic and chemopreventative activity. Castration therapy decreases insulin sensitivity, adversely alters lipid profiles and results in weight gain, and it may be associated with a greater incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Little is known about the optimal strategy to mitigate the adverse metabolic effects of castration in men with prostate cancer. The rationale for using metformin in castrated men with advanced prostate cancer stems from the observation that castration therapy is associated with the metabolic syndrome, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Furthermore, reports that hyperinsulinemia stimulates insulin receptor expression on prostate cancer leading to tumor growth and development of castrate resistant prostate cancer suggest metformin through its activation of the AMPK-LKBI pathway reduces liver gluconeogenesis secondarily decreasing insulin levels may circumvent tumor growth and resistance to castration therapy. More importantly, evidence that metformin inhibits the mTOR pathway implicates an added therapeutic benefit as an anti-cancer agent. |
Detailed Description | Not Provided |
Study Type | Interventional |
Study Phase | Phase 2 |
Study Design | Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Treatment |
Condition | Prostate Cancer |
Intervention | Drug: Placebo and Castration All eligible subjects will be randomized in a 1:l manner to receive a bottle containing sufficient 500mg tablets of metformin or placebo, blinded to the patient and the study team. Drug: Metformin and Castration All eligible subjects will be randomized in a 1:l manner to receive a bottle containing sufficient500mg tablets of metformin or placebo, blinded to the patient and the study team. |
Study Arm (s) |
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Recruitment Information[ + expand ][ + ]
Recruitment Status | Recruiting |
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Estimated Enrollment | 94 |
Estimated Completion Date | May 2016 |
Estimated Primary Completion Date | May 2015 |
Eligibility Criteria | Inclusion Criteria: (Eligible subjects must meet one of the inclusion criteria 1-3 and all of items 4-6) 1. Men with metastatic prostate cancer that require castration therapy with either using an LHRH analogue or surgical castration are eligible. Complete androgen blockade using anti-androgen therapy prior to castration or up to 4 weeks following castration therapy is permitted to prevent disease flare. Thereafter anti-androgen therapy may continue or be discontinued based on treating physicians preference. OR 2. Any men with prostate cancer who are candidates for castration therapy despite no evidence of definite metastatic disease including patient with biochemical failure or 'rising PSA' are also permitted to enter study provided castration therapy is planned for a minimum of a year. Patients with biochemical failure prior to enrolment should have also have already received appropriate salvage therapy. Men with prostate cancer who have already started castration therapy are also permitted to enter study provided castration therapy was initiated within one month of study entry. OR 3. Men with prostate cancer previously treated with castration therapy for management of localized prostate cancer in the adjuvant setting or in combination with radiation therapy are permitted to enter study provided they currently have known metastatic disease and have non-castrate testosterone levels (Testosterone > 50 ng1dL). 4. An ECOG performance status of 0-2. 5. Patients will need to have documentation of metastatic disease in bone and/or soft tissue, and a baseline PSA of 35 nglml. Patients with biochemical failures, with rising PSA (baseline PSA does not need to be 2 5 nglml to be eligible), without metastatic disease are also eligible if castration therapy is indicated for a minimum of a year. 6. Patients must have provided informed consent, be willing to have blood specimens taken, and exhibit no severe other medical or psychiatric problems. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with severe medical or psychiatric diseases are INELIGIBLE. (Patients with stable chronic diseases such as high cholesterol or hypertension ARE eligible.) Examples of problems that would make patients INELIGIBLE include severe heart failure, or hypoxia due to severe lung disease. 2. Patients with clinical or biochemical evidence of renal failure or liver failure are INELIGIBLE. Creatinine and bilirubin needs to be less than or equal to 1.3~up per limit of normal (ULN), and ASTIALT less than or equal to 2.5 x ULN unless liver metastasis is present then up to 5 X ULN permitted). 3. Patients already receiving metformin or anti-diabetic medications are INELIGIBLE. 4. If any patient develops symptomatic diabetes requiring drug therapy, he must receive such a therapy, which may include metformin. This must be documented, and the patient will not continue on the study. 5. Patients with important infections requiring antibiotics are INELIGIBLE, but patients who acquire minor infections while on the study may remain on the study. 6. Alcohol abuse problems make patients INELIGIBLE. Patients need to be consuming less than or equal to 14 units of alcohol weekly. 7. Patients with history or evidence of lactic acidosis or metabolic acidosis will be excluded. |
Gender | Male |
Ages | 18 Years |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers | No |
Contacts | Contact: Epp Goodwin 210-450-5798 onctrial@idd.org |
Location Countries | United States |
Administrative Information[ + expand ][ + ]
NCT Number | NCT01620593 |
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Other Study ID Numbers | CTRC 10-21 |
Has Data Monitoring Committee | Yes |
Information Provided By | The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio |
Study Sponsor | Devalingam Mahalingam |
Collaborators | Not Provided |
Investigators | Principal Investigator: Devalingam Mahalingam, MD, PhD University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio |
Verification Date | September 2013 |
Locations[ + expand ][ + ]
Cancer Therapy and Research Center University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio | San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78229 Contact: Epp Goodwin | 210-450-5798 | onctrial@idd.orgPrincipal Investigator: Devalingam Mahalingam, MD, PhD Recruiting |
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