Barrett's Esophagus Health Center

What causes the stomach acid to come back up into the esophagus during acid reflux?

• Basic acid reflux, or GER, occurs when the stomach contents reflux, or flow back up, into the esophagus during or after eating a meal. At the bottom of the esophagus, there is a ring of muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) which opens and closes allowing food to enter the stomach. Typically, the LES opens after meals to release gases. Sometimes when the LES opens, the stomach contents — including digestive juices or acids — flow back up into the esophagus. This can lead to a burning sensation or in the case of babies and infants, spitting up or vomiting.

How do I know if my acid reflux has progressed to GERD or advanced acid reflux?

• Acid reflux is a much more mild condition than GERD. Acid reflux usually entails frequent heartburn or the bitter burning sensation in the chest and back of throat as acid rises from the stomach. GERD is a more serious condition that occurs more than twice weekly. Patients may also experience a dry cough, asthma-like symptoms or trouble swallowing. If you are experiencing these symptoms or are having reflux episodes two to three times a day, you should consult your doctor about the possibility of having GERD.